Industry

In the Waikato, a few large industries produce 80 percent of the industry–generated air emissions.

On this page: Types of air contaminants, Emissions of different industry types , Managing industry emissions

Most industrial air emissions are released by a relatively small percentage of industrial sites. For example, a recent survey found that over 80 percent of all the industrial air emissions are generated by only nine percent of industrial sites.

Many of these large emission sources are near Tokoroa and Huntly, such as pulp and paper manufacturers and thermal power plants.

However, based on air emission inventory assessments, the overall contribution of industry emissions to total urban airshed emissions is typically small. The industrial contribution to contaminant concentrations in urban airsheds is likely to be even less because industrial discharges are typically via high stacks that promote more effective dispersion of contaminants.

Local landscapes and weather conditions will also influence the effect of these sources on air quality. Find out more about how the weather affects air quality.

Types of air contaminants

Industrial sites can produce a variety of air contaminants, depending on the type of industry and its processes. Industrial emissions include particulates (very small particles - called PM₁₀), combustion gases, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and odours.

Find out more about fine particles (PM₁₀) as an indicator of air quality.

Air Contaminants in the Waikato describes the effects of these contaminants on the region’s air quality, visibility, human health and the environment.

An assessment of emissions from 107 industrial sites shows that:

Quarrying and mining produce most fine particles (PM₁₀) - in the form of fine dust.
Most carbon monoxide (CO) from industry is produced when fossil fuels are burnt to generate heat.
Most nitrogen oxides (NO_x)are produced by thermal power stations.
Emission of sulphur oxides (SO_x) by industry comes from the burning of high sulphur coal.
Most volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are released by the timber and paper processing industry.
Most carbon dioxide (CO₂)comes from a few large industry types - power generation, timber and paper processing.

Find out more about carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide as indicators of air quality.

Emissions of different industry types

The table below shows the percentage of six key contaminants produced by industry types.

Estimated percentage emission of contaminants by major industry type
Industry type	PM₁₀	CO	NO_x	SO_x	VOC	CO₂
Chemical manufacturing	6.8	16.7	3.6	2.3	0.4	3.4
Food processing	12.8	17.0	13.3	42.5	0.1	12.6
Quarrying and mining	48.5	0.6	0.2	0.1	1.7	0.1
Power generation	0.5	21.3	73.7	0.1	32.4	55.0
Timber and paper processing	21.3	39.9	5.7	16.0	65.3	23.8
Other	10.1	4.5	3.5	39.0	0.1	5.1

Managing industry emissions

The Waikato Regional Council is developing an air quality monitoring programme to monitor contaminants.

We require resource consents for activities that might release a significant amount of contaminants into the air. Resource consents set conditions on discharges to air that prevent or limit unwanted effects on air quality so that:

adverse effects on human health are avoided
there are no objectionable effects as a result of odour
there are no objectionable effects as a result of particulate matter
significant adverse effects on visibility are avoided or remedied
air quality doesn't damage buildings or other structures.

We support industry-based guidelines and codes of practice that help reduce air pollution.

Find out more about Waikato Regional Council policies for managing air in the Regional Plan and Regional Policy Statement.